Challenges facing food systems
Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”. (World Food Summit, 1996). Nutrition security is a situation that exists when secure access to an appropriately nutritious diet is coupled with a sanitary environment and adequate health services and care, in order to ensure a healthy and active life for all household members. Differs from food security in that it also considers the aspects of adequate caregiving practices, health, and hygiene in addition to dietary adequacy.
Food insecurity is one of the leading causes of malnutrition. Climate variability and disasters undermine food availability, access, utilization and stability, as well as feeding, caregiving and health practices. Nutrition insecurity remains a major issue. According to the FAO, the global level of the prevalence of undernourishment has increased sharply between 2019 and 2020, under the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic. The food system is rarely considered when macroeconomic policies are changed e.g. exchange rates, interest rates, wage rates, and fiscal monetary policy. For Indonesia, closely related to the topics of poverty reduction. There is often a trade off between efficiency and equity.
Globalisation improves global economic efficiency by allocating production according to comparative advantage. The distribution of the benefits and costs from efficiency gains is extremely important from welfare and policy perspective. The magnitude and distribution of these benefits and costs among various stakeholder groups depend on factors including: the degree of price transmission, the domestic market structure and conduct, physical infrastruc, etc.
Ideas to save the global and local food system
Sustainability rests on the principle that we must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. While conventional agriculture is driven almost solely by productivity and profit, sustainable agriculture integrates biological, chemical, physical, ecological, economic and social sciences in a comprehensive way to develop new farming practices that are safe and do not degrade our environment. Trust is key and determined by opinions of others, competence, and confidence. Transparency and continuous improvement are required to maintain.
Innovate which is the role of technology in sustainable agriculture. Examples soil and water sensors that have several benefits are economical, environmental, and social. Economical due to more efficient use of resources, thereby lowering costs production. The environment is a reduction in the use of fertilizers, the use of more resources efficiently, for animal husbandry can improve animal welfare. Social is reduction. use of labor to test water and soil and improve safety labor welfare. In addition, e-commerce plays an important role in food security in a country. Indonesia is one of the most populous people in the world, has a role and contributes to the development of e-commerce. Some indicators in looking at food security are stability, availability, access, and utilization, and the food environment.
Red: Huda
